Common IVF Side Effects and How to Manage Them

Going through IVF can be both exciting and challenging. While the hope of conceiving is a powerful motivator, the physical and emotional toll of treatment can be significant. IVF medications, procedures, and hormonal changes can cause various side effects, but understanding them can help you feel more prepared. In this guide, we’ll explore the most common IVF side effects and practical ways to manage them.

1. Bloating During IVF

Bloating is one of the most common side effects of IVF, particularly during ovarian stimulation when the ovaries become enlarged due to medication.

How to Manage It:

• Drink plenty of water to help flush out excess fluids.
• Avoid salty foods that can worsen bloating.
• Wear loose, comfortable clothing to reduce discomfort.
• Engage in light activities like walking to improve circulation.

2. Fatigue from IVF Medications

IVF medications can cause hormonal fluctuations, which may lead to exhaustion and fatigue.

How to Manage It:

• Prioritise rest and get enough sleep.
• Take short naps if needed during the day.
• Reduce stress through relaxation techniques such as meditation or yoga.
• Avoid caffeine in the afternoon to ensure quality sleep.

3. Mood Swings and Emotional Changes

Hormonal changes and the emotional stress of IVF can lead to mood swings, anxiety, or even depression.

How to Manage It:

• Seek emotional support from a partner, friends, or a fertility support group.
• Consider speaking to a fertility counsellor for professional guidance.
• Practice mindfulness techniques such as deep breathing or journaling.
• Keep communication open with your partner to navigate the emotional ups and downs together.

Read our blog How to Cope With IVF Anxiety and Stress for more.

4. Headaches Due to IVF Medications

Some IVF medications, especially those that alter hormone levels, can trigger headaches.

How to Manage It:

• Stay hydrated by drinking at least 2 litres of water daily.
• Try relaxation techniques like acupuncture or yoga.
• Take paracetamol if needed (check with your doctor first).
• Reduce screen time to minimise eye strain.

5. Abdominal Pain and Cramping

Mild abdominal discomfort and cramping are common, particularly after egg retrieval and embryo transfer.

How to Manage It:

• Use a heating pad on a low setting for relief (this is usually not recommended after embryo transfer)
• Take pain relief as recommended by your fertility specialist.
• Rest and avoid strenuous activities until the discomfort subsides.

6. Nausea from IVF Hormonal Medications

Hormonal medications can cause mild nausea, especially if taken on an empty stomach.

How to Manage It:

• Eat small, frequent meals instead of large meals.
• Stick to bland foods like crackers, toast, or rice.
• Sip ginger tea, which is known to help with nausea.

7. Breast Tenderness

Hormonal changes can cause swollen, tender breasts, similar to what some experience before menstruation.

How to Manage It:

• Wear a supportive bra to minimise discomfort.
• Avoid caffeine, which may worsen tenderness.
• Apply warm compresses for relief.

8. Constipation from IVF Medications

Some IVF medications, particularly progesterone supplements, can slow down digestion, leading to constipation.

How to Manage It:

• Increase fibre intake by eating fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
• Drink plenty of fluids to keep stools soft.
• Stay active with gentle exercises like walking or yoga.
• Consult your doctor about safe stool softeners if needed.

9. Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS)

OHSS occurs when the ovaries over-respond to stimulation medications, leading to fluid retention and swelling.

How to Manage It:

• Monitor symptoms closely and rest as needed.
• Stay hydrated and avoid intense exercise.
• Contact your clinic immediately if you experience severe bloating, rapid weight gain, or shortness of breath.

10. Spotting or Light Bleeding After IVF Procedures

Some women experience light spotting after egg retrieval or embryo transfer.

How to Manage It:

• Use panty liners instead of tampons.
• Avoid vigorous exercise or lifting heavy objects.
• Contact your clinic if bleeding becomes heavy or is accompanied by severe pain.

11. Anxiety and Stress During IVF

IVF can be emotionally taxing, and the two-week wait for pregnancy test results can heighten anxiety.

How to Manage It:

• Engage in calming activities such as reading, gentle strolls, yoga, or meditation.
• Join a fertility support group to connect with others experiencing similar challenges.
• Consider therapy or counselling if anxiety feels overwhelming.

When to Contact Your Fertility Clinic

While many IVF side effects are mild and manageable, certain symptoms require immediate medical attention:

• Severe pelvic pain or swelling
• Heavy bleeding
• Shortness of breath or dizziness
• Sudden weight gain (more than 2kg in 24 hours)

Final Thoughts

Experiencing side effects during IVF is common, but knowing how to manage them can make the process more comfortable. By staying informed, seeking support, and practising self-care, you can navigate IVF with greater ease.

For more fertility tips and support, stay connected with FertilityFix.